In prison Bonhoeffer was reading quite a lot in physics literature (his older brother, Karl-Friedrich, being a leading figure in the physics field in Germany). Note also Ralf Wustenberg’s recent study of the literature Bonhoeffer was reading in prison (A Theology of Life: Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Religionless Christianity). His “God of the gaps” and “before God as if without God” comments in his prison letters should be read in light of this reading. Bonhoeffer may well have had in mind relativity and randomness as well as a traditional ‘laws of nature’ perspective. At least one limitation should be noted re Bonhoeffer – i.e., he had most immediately in mind Germany and western societies. Today’s global connectedness (with most only minimally introduced to the thinking that underlies modernization) is post-Bonhoeffer.